When Did Indian Start Making Motorcycles Again

127 years of mod automobile development

The year 1886 is regarded the year of nativity of the modern motorcar – with the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, past German inventor Carl Benz.
Motorized wagons presently replaced animal-drafted carriages, especially after automobiles became affordable for many people when the Ford Model T was introduced in 1908.

It is mind boggling to realize that in merely one (and a quarter) century humanity adult technology that replaced horse powered carriages with ultra sophisticated cars responding to phonation commands and driven by an onboard computer (an autopilot organisation).

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FORTUNE — The longtime dream of sci-fi fans-cars smart plenty to bulldoze themselves-is still many years off. That doesn't go along Google from trying. Its seven custom-equipped cocky-driving cars have logged more than 200,000 miles on the route without crashing. Well, one suffered a dent when a human driver rear-concluded a Prius. And then far the cars are officially legal only in Nevada-liability problems need to exist worked out. More likely the engineering science volition appear piecemeal in new vehicles. For instance, virtually car companies already offer accident-warning alarms.

Google says the sophisticated operating system that guides the cars makes them safer than if a human driver were behind the bicycle. The vast bulk of car accidents are caused by human error. Self-driving cars an also travel closer together, which would cut downwardly on traffic congestion. Sources: LMC Automotive, Google, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Energy Information Administration
Source:Cocky-Driving Cars: Traveling On Autopilot

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Toyota Unveils Machine With Autopilot System

Toyota has unveiled the side by side generation of cars featuring an autopilot system that will swerve to avoid collisions without drivers touching the wheel.

The Automated Highway Driving Assist (AHDA) system lets vehicles communicate wirelessly to avoid running into each other while keeping the car in the middle of the road, regardless of how many twists and turns lie alee. Although rivals Nissan and Google accept been designing cocky-driving cars for a while, Toyota'southward AHDA engineering science could be bachelor to consumers in a few years.

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History of the car

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Anautomobile,autocar,motor auto ormachine is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which as well carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have iv wheels, and to exist constructed principally for the transport of people rather than appurtenances.

Thehistory of the automobile begins as early as 1769, with the cosmos of steam engined automobiles capable of human transport.
In 1806, the get-go cars powered past an internal combustion engine running on fuel gas appeared, which led to the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modern gasoline- or petrol-fueled internal combustion engine.
The twelvemonth 1886 is regarded the year of nativity of the modern auto – with the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, by High german inventor Carl Benz.
Cars powered byelectric power briefly appeared at the turn of the 20th century but largely disappeared from use until the turn of the 21st century.

The early on history of the motorcar can be divided into a number of eras, based on the prevalent means of propulsion.
Later on periods were defined by trends in exterior styling, size, and utility preferences.

Early Automobiles

Steam-powered wheeled vehicles, precursors to later automobiles

17th century – 18th century

Ferdinand Verbiest, a fellow member of a Jesuit mission in Prc, built the first steam-powered vehicle around 1672 as a toy for the Chinese Emperor. It was of small enough scale that it could not acquit a driver merely it was, quite possibly, the first working steam-powered vehicle ('car-mobile').

Steam-powered self-propelled vehicles large enough to transport people and cargo were start devised in the late 18th century.
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrated hisfardier à vapeur ("steam dray"), an experimental steam-driven artillery tractor, in 1770 and 1771.

Old Engraving depicting the 1771 crash of Nicolas Joseph Cugnot's steam-powered car into a stone wall.

The design of the Cugnot Steam Trolley (Jonathan Holguinisburg) (1769)

As Cugnot'southward design proved to be impractical, his invention was not developed in his native France.

The center of innovation shifted to Bully Britain. By 1784, William Murdoch had built a working model of a steam carriage in Redruth, and in 1801 Richard Trevithick was running a full-sized vehicle on the road in Camborne. Such vehicles were in vogue for a time, and over the side by side decades such innovations as mitt brakes, multi-speed transmissions, and better steering developed.

Some were commercially successful in providing mass transit, until a backlash confronting these large speedy vehicles resulted in the passage of the Locomotive Act (1865), which required cocky-propelled vehicles on public roads in the U.k. to be preceded by a man on human foot waving a red flag and blowing a horn. This effectively killed road auto development in the Britain for nearly of the remainder of the 19th century; inventors and engineers shifted their efforts to improvements in railway locomotives. (The police was non repealed until 1896, although the need for the blood-red flag was removed in 1878.)

The commencement automobile patent in the U.s.a. was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789.

19th century

Among other efforts, in 1815, a professor at Prague Polytechnic, Josef Bozek, built an oil-fired steam car.

Walter Hancock, architect and operator of London steam buses, in 1838 built a four-seat steam phaeton.

In 1867, Canadian jeweller Henry Seth Taylor demonstrated his four-wheeled "steam buggy" at the Stanstead Fair in Stanstead, Quebec, and again the post-obit year. The basis of the buggy, which he began building in 1865, was a high-wheeled railroad vehicle with bracing to support a 2-cylinder steam engine mounted on the floor.

What some people define as the showtime "existent" auto was produced past French Amédée Bollée in 1873, who built self-propelled steam route vehicles to transport groups of passengers.

The American George B. Selden filed for a patent on May 8, 1879. His awarding included non simply the engine but its apply in a 4-wheeled auto. Selden filed a serial of amendments to his awarding which stretched out the legal process, resulting in a delay of xvi years before the The states 549160 was granted on November 5, 1895.

Karl Benz, the inventor of numerous car-related technologies, received a German patent in 1886.

Source: Eckermann, Erik (2001). World History of the Automobile.

The four-stroke petrol (gasoline) internal combustion engine that constitutes the near prevalent form of modernistic automotive propulsion is a creation of Nikolaus Otto.
The similar four-stroke diesel engine was invented past Rudolf Diesel fuel.
The hydrogen fuel cell, one of the technologies hailed as a replacement for gasoline as an free energy source for cars, was discovered in principle by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838.
The battery electric automobile owes its beginnings to Ányos Jedlik, one of the inventors of the electric motor, and Gaston Planté, who invented the atomic number 82-acrid battery in 1859.

The first carriage-sized automobile suitable for use on existing railroad vehicle roads in the United States was a steam powered vehicle invented in 1871, past Dr. J.W. Carhart, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Racine, Wisconsin.

Information technology induced the Country of Wisconsin in 1875, to offer a $10,000 award to the first to produce a practical substitute for the utilise of horses and other animals. They stipulated that the vehicle would have to maintain an average speed of more than five miles per hour over a 200 mile course. The offering led to the first city to urban center car race in the The states, starting on July 16, 1878, in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and ending in Madison, via Appleton, Oshkosh, Waupun, Watertown, Fort Atkinson, and Janesville. While seven vehicles were registered, only two started to compete: the entries from Green Bay and Oshkosh. The vehicle from Green Bay was faster, only broke down before completing the race. The Oshkosh finished the 201 mile class in 33 hours and 27 minutes, and posted an average speed of vi miles per 60 minutes. In 1879, the legislature awarded half the prize.

Steam-powered automobiles continued evolution all the manner into the early 20th century, but the broadcasting of petrol engines as the motive power of choice in the late 19th century marked the stop of steam automobiles except as curiosities. Whether they will ever be reborn in subsequently technological eras remains to exist seen. The 1950s saw interest in steam-turbine cars powered by small nuclear reactors (this was also truthful of aircraft), but the dangers inherent in nuclear fission applied science soon killed these ideas. The need for global changes in energy sources and consumption to bring well-nigh sustainability and energy independence has led 21st century engineers to think once more about possibilities for steam employ, if powered by modernistic energy sources controlled with computerized controls, such as advanced electrical batteries, fuel cells, photovoltaics, biofuels, or others.

Electric automobiles

In 1828, Ányos Jedlik, a Hungarian who invented an early type of electric motor, created a tiny model car powered past his new motor.
In 1834, Vermont blacksmith Thomas Davenport, the inventor of the beginning American DC electrical motor, installed his motor in a small model car, which he operated on a short round electrified track.
In 1835, Professor Sibrandus Stratingh of Groningen, kingdom of the netherlands and his assistant Christopher Becker created a pocket-size-scale electrical motorcar, powered by non-rechargeable primary cells.
In 1838, Scotsman Robert Davidson congenital an electric locomotive that attained a speed of 4 miles per hr (half-dozen km/h).
In England, a patent was granted in 1840 for the use of runway tracks equally conductors of electric current, and similar American patents were issued to Lilley and Colten in 1847.
Between 1832 and 1839 (the verbal year is uncertain), Robert Anderson of Scotland invented the kickoff crude electric carriage, powered past non-rechargeable primary cells.
The Flocken Elektrowagen of 1888 by German language inventor Andreas Flocken is regarded as the first existent electric car of the world.

High german Flocken Elektrowagen of 1888, regarded equally the first electric auto of the globe

Electric cars enjoyed popularity between the late 19th century and early 20th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for machine propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of performance that could not be accomplished by the gasoline cars of the time.

Advances in internal combustion technology, especially the electric starter, soon rendered this advantage moot; the greater range of gasoline cars, quicker refueling times, and growing petroleum infrastructure, forth with the mass product of gasoline vehicles by companies such as the Ford Motor Visitor, which reduced prices of gasoline cars to less than half that of equivalent electric cars, led to a decline in the utilise of electric propulsion, effectively removing it from of import markets such as the U.s.a. by the 1930s. However, in recent years, increased concerns over the ecology impact of gasoline cars, higher gasoline prices, improvements in battery engineering science, and the prospect of top oil, have brought nearly renewed interest in electric cars, which are perceived to be more environmentally friendly and cheaper to maintain and run, despite loftier initial costs, afterwards a failed reappearance in the late-1990s.

Internal combustion engines

1885-built Benz Patent-Motorwagen, the first car to go into production with an internal combustion engine

Early attempts at making and using internal combustion engines were hampered by the lack of suitable fuels, particularly liquids, therefore the earliest engines used gas mixtures. Early experimenters used gases.

In 1806, Swiss engineer François Isaac de Rivaz who congenital an engine powered past internal combustion of a hydrogen and oxygen mixture.
In 1826, Englishman Samuel Brown who tested his hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine by using it to propel a vehicle up Shooter's Hill in southward-east London.
Belgian-born Etienne Lenoir'southward Hippomobile with a hydrogen-gas-fuelled one-cylinder internal combustion engine fabricated a test drive from Paris to Joinville-le-Pont in 1860, covering some nine kilometres in about iii hours.
A later version was propelled by coal gas. A Delamare-Deboutteville vehicle was patented and trialled in 1884.
Nearly 1870, in Vienna, Austria (then the Austro-Hungarian Empire), inventor Siegfried Marcus put a liquid-fuelled internal combustion engine on a uncomplicated handcart which made him the first man to propel a vehicle past means of gasoline.Today, this car is known as "the start Marcus car". In 1883, Marcus secured a High german patent for a depression-voltage ignition system of the magneto type; this was his only automotive patent. This design was used for all farther engines, and the four-seat "second Marcus car" of 1888/89. This ignition, in conjunction with the "rotating-castor carburetor", made the second car's design very innovative.

The second Marcus automobile of 1888 at the Technical Museum in Vienna

Information technology is mostly acknowledged that the first really practical automobiles with petrol/gasoline-powered internal combustion engines were completed almost simultaneously past several German inventors working independently: Karl Benz built his first automobile in 1885 in Mannheim. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, later Bertha Benz, his married woman, had proved – with the get-go long-altitude trip in August 1888, from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back – that the horseless jitney was admittedly suitable for daily apply. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this outcome.

Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from scratch to be an motorcar, rather than a equus caballus-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited with invention of the first motorcycle in 1886, but Italy'south Enrico Bernardi of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc (7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorbike; Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.

1 of the showtime 4-wheeled petrol-driven automobiles in United kingdom was built in Birmingham in 1895 past Frederick William Lanchester, who likewise patented the disc brake; and the first electric starter was installed on an Arnold, an accommodation of the Benz Velo, built betwixt 1895 and 1898.

George F. Foss of Sherbrooke, Quebec congenital a single-cylinder gasoline auto in 1896 which he drove for 4 years, ignoring city officials' warnings of arrest for his "mad antics."

In all the turmoil, many early on pioneers are near forgotten. In 1891, John William Lambert congenital a three-wheeler in Ohio City, Ohio, which was destroyed in a fire the same year, while Henry Nadig constructed a four-wheeler in Allentown, Pennsylvania. It is probable they were not the just ones.

Early Industrial Automobile Production

The starting time production of automobiles was by Karl Benz in 1888 in Germany and, nether license from Benz, in French republic by Emile Roger.

There were numerous others, including tricycle builders Rudolf Egg, Edward Butler, and Léon Bollée. Bollée, using a 650 cc (40 cu in) engine of his own pattern, enabled his driver, Jamin, to average 45 kilometres per 60 minutes (28.0 mph) in the 1897 Paris-Tourville rally.Past 1900, mass production of automobiles had begun in France and the United States.

The starting time motor auto in Fundamental Europe was produced by Czech company Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau (subsequently renamed to Tatra) in 1897, the Präsident automobil. The first company formed exclusively to build automobiles was Panhard et Levassor in France, which also introduced the first four-cylinder engine. Formed in 1889, Panhard was quickly followed by Peugeot two years later.

By the start of the 20th century, the auto industry was first to take off in Western Europe, especially in France, where 30,204 were produced in 1903, representing 48.eight% of world automobile production that year.

In the United States, brothers Charles and Frank Duryea founded the Duryea Motor Wagon Visitor in 1893, condign the first American automobile manufacturing visitor.

However, it was Ransom E. Olds and his Olds Motor Vehicle Company (afterwards known as Oldsmobile) who would dominate this era of automobile production. Its product line was running in 1902.

The Thomas B. Jeffery Company developed the world's second mass-produced automobile, and one,500 Ramblers were congenital and sold in its offset year, representing i-sixth of all existing motorcars in the U.S. at the time. Within a twelvemonth, Cadillac (formed from the Henry Ford Company), Winton, and Ford were also producing cars in the thousands.

Within a few years, a dizzying assortment of technologies were being produced past hundreds of producers all over the western world. Steam, electricity, and petrol/gasoline-powered automobiles competed for decades, with petrol/gasoline internal combustion engines achieving dominance in the 1910s. Dual- and even quad-engine cars were designed, and engine displacement ranged to more than a dozen litres. Many modern advances, including gas/electric hybrids, multi-valve engines, overhead camshafts, and four-wheel bulldoze, were attempted, and discarded at this time.

Edwardian (Brass) Era

Named for the widespread employ of brass in the United States, the Contumely (or Edwardian) Era lasted from roughly 1905 through to the get-go of World War I in 1914.

Between 1907 and 1912 in the United states of america, the high-wheel motor buggy (resembling the equus caballus buggy of before 1900) was in its heyday, with over 70-five makers including Holsman (Chicago), IHC (Chicago), and Sears (which sold via itemize); the loftier-wheeler would be killed by the Model T. In 1912, Hupp (in the U.Due south., supplied by Hale & Irwin) and BSA (in the United kingdom) pioneered the use of all-steel bodies, joined in 1914 by Dodge (who produced Model T bodies).
While information technology would be another ii decades earlier all-steel bodies would exist standard, the change would mean improved supplies of superior-quality wood for furniture makers.

T-model Ford motorcar parked outside Geelong Library at its launch in 1915

Some examples of cars of the period included:

1908–1927 Ford Model T — the most widely produced and available 4-seater car of the era. It used a planetary transmission, and had a pedal-based control organisation. Ford T was proclaimed every bit the almost influential motorcar of the 20th century in the international Automobile of the Century awards.
1909 Morgan Runabout – a very popular cyclecar, cyclecars were sold in far greater quantities than 4-seater cars in this menses
1910 Mercer Raceabout — regarded every bit one of the first sports cars, the Raceabout expressed the exuberance of the driving public, equally did the similarly conceived American Underslung and Hispano-Suiza Alphonso.
1910–1920 Bugatti Type thirteen — a notable racing and touring model with advanced technology and pattern. Like models were the Types 15, 17, 22, and 23.

Vintage Era

The vintage era lasted from the end of World State of war I (1919), through the Wall Street Crash at the finish of 1929. During this period, the forepart-engined car came to dominate, with airtight bodies and standardised controls becoming the norm.

Bugatti Type 35C Grand Prix Racer 1926 [ Source: Wikipedia ]

Exemplary vintage vehicles:

1922–1939 Austin 7 — the Austin Seven was one of the well-nigh widely copied vehicles ever, serving as a template for cars effectually the earth, from BMW to Nissan.
1922–1931 Lancia Lambda — very advanced car for the time, first car to feature a load-begetting monocoque-blazon body and independent front break.
1924–1929 Bugatti Blazon 35 — the Type 35 was ane of the virtually successful racing cars of all time, with over 1,000 victories in five years.
1925–1928 Hanomag 2 / x PS — early instance of ponton styling.
1927–1931 Ford Model A (1927-1931) — subsequently keeping the brass era Model T in production for too long, Ford broke from the by by restarting its model series with the 1927 Model A. More than four million were produced, making it the all-time-selling model of the era. The Ford Model A was a prototype for the beginning of Soviet mass car product (GAZ A).
1930 Cadillac 5-16 — adult at the height of the vintage era, the V16-powered Cadillac would join Bugatti's Royale as the most legendary ultra-luxury cars of the era.

Pre-WWII era

The pre-war part of the classic era began with the Nifty Low in 1930, and ended with the recovery later Earth War 2, unremarkably placed at 1946. It was in this period that integrated fenders and fully closed bodies began to boss sales, with the new saloon/sedan body way even incorporating a trunk or boot at the rear for storage. The onetime open up-top runabouts, phaetons, and touring cars were phased out by the stop of the classic era as wings, running boards, and headlights were gradually integrated with the body of the car.

By the 1930s, most of the mechanical technology used in today's automobiles had been invented, although some things were later "re-invented", and credited to someone else.

1934–1956 Citroën Traction Avant — the first mass-produced front end-wheel bulldoze car, built with monocoque chassis.

Exemplary pre-war automobiles:

1932–1939 Alvis Speed 20 and Speed 25 — the first cars with all-synchromesh gearbox.^[ citation needed ^]
1932–1948 Ford V-8 (Model B) — introduction of the powerful flathead V8 in mainstream vehicles, setting new operation and efficiency standards.
1934–1938 Tatra 77 — offset serial-produced car with aerodynamical design.
1934–1940 Bugatti Type 57 — a singular refined machine for the wealthy.
1934–1956 Citroën Traction Avant — the first mass-produced front-wheel drive machine, built with monocoque chassis.
1936–1955 MG T series — sports cars with youth appeal at an affordable price.
1938–2003 Volkswagen Beetle — a design for efficiency and low price, which was produced for over 60 years with minimal bones change; it has the largest production in history with over 20 1000000 units produced in several counties. The machine was awarded the fourth identify in the international Car of the 20th Century competition. A new auto echoing the styling of the original has been produced in the 21st century.
1936–1939 Rolls-Royce Phantom 3 — V12 engined pinnacle of pre-war engineering, with technological advances not seen in near other manufacturers until the 1960s. Superior functioning and quality.

Post-state of war era

Since Earth War Ii automobile design experienced the total revolution changes to ponton manner (without a non-meaty ledge elements), one of the first mass representatives of that were the Soviet GAZ-M20 Pobeda (1946), British Standard Vanguard (1947), US Studebaker Champion and Kaiser Special (1947), and small series Czech luxury Tatra T600 Tatraplan (1946) and Italian Cisitalia 220 sportcar (1947).

Automobile design and production finally emerged from the armed forces orientation and other shadow of state of war in 1949, the year that in the United States saw the introduction of high-compression V8 engines and modern bodies from General Motors' Oldsmobile and Cadillac brands. The unibody/strut-suspended 1951 Ford Consul joined the 1948 Morris Modest and 1949 Rover P4 in waking upwardly the auto market in the United Kingdom. In Italia, Enzo Ferrari was outset his 250 serial, just every bit Lancia introduced the revolutionary V6-powered Aurelia.

1946 GAZ-M20 Pobeda one of the first mass-produced cars with ponton design

Notable exemplary post-war cars:

1946–1958 GAZ-M20 Pobeda — Soviet mass car with total ponton design.
1947–1958 Standard Vanguard — British mass car with full ponton pattern some and
1948–1971 Morris Minor – a popular and typical early post-war machine exported effectually the world
1953–1971 Chevrolet Bel Air and 1953–2002 Cadillac Eldorado Brougham – in its first generations were a vivid representatives of gilded epoch of American tailfin car blueprint
1955–1976 Citroën DS — bright and non-oft representative of unusual bogie (hydropneumatic) ? design (one of the nigh heed), due to what became a motion-picture show star; car was awarded tertiary identify in the international Car of the 20th Century competition.
1959–2000 Mini — this quintessential small car lasted for iv decades, and is one of the about famous cars of all time; motorcar was awarded the second identify on international Car of the 20th Century competition; the car has a re-styled new version in the 21st century.
1961–1975 Jaguar Due east-type — the East-type saved Jaguar on the rail and in the exhibit.
1963–1989 Porsche 911 – wanted not-cheap but mass sport car, famoused^[ description needed ^] its company; car was awarded the fifth identify on international Auto of the 20th Century competition; the car has successors with a similar design.
1964–present Ford Mustang — the pony car that became 1 of the best-selling and most-collected cars of the era.
1966–end of the 20th century Fiat 124 — an Italian car that was licence produced in many other counties including the Soviet Union where as the VAZ-2101 it launched mass automobilisation.
1967 NSU Ro eighty — the basic wedge profile of this design was much emulated in subsequent decades.,[39] unlike that its other technical innovation – rotor engine.
1967–2002 Chevrolet Camaro – The pony machine that Full general Motors introduced to compete with Ford's mustang which featured the relatively new Coke bottle styling.
1969 Datsun 240Z — one of the first Japanese sports cars to be a smash hit with the North American public, information technology paved the mode for future decades of Japanese strength in the automotive industry. Information technology was affordable and well congenital, and had great success both on the track and in the showroom.

Modern era

The modern era is normally divers as the 25 years preceding the current year. However, at that place are some technical and pattern aspects that differentiate modern cars from antiques. Without considering the futurity of the car, the modern era has been i of increasing standardisation, platform sharing, and computer-aided design.

Some detail contemporary developments are the proliferation of front- and all-wheel drive, the adoption of the diesel engine, and the ubiquity of fuel injection. While all of these advances were first attempted in earlier eras, they so dominate the market today that it is easy to overlook their significance. Nearly all mod passenger cars are front-bike-drive monocoque/unibody designs, with transversely mounted engines, just this design was considered radical as tardily as the 1960s.

Body styles have inverse every bit well in the modern era. Three types, the hatchback, sedan, and sport utility vehicle, dominate today's market place, nevertheless are relatively recent concepts. All originally emphasised practicality, but accept mutated into today'due south high-powered luxury crossover SUV, sports wagon, ii-volume Large MPV. The rise of pickup trucks in the United States, and SUVs worldwide, has changed the face of motoring, with these "trucks" coming to command more than than half of the world machine market. There was likewise the appearance of new one-volume MPV course (smaller non-commercial passenger minivans), among the first of which were the French Renault Espace and The states Pontiac Trans Sport.

The modern era has as well seen speedily rising fuel efficiency and engine output. Once the machine emissions concerns of the 1970s were conquered with computerised engine direction systems, power began to rise rapidly. In the 1980s, a powerful sports car might have produced 200 horsepower (150 kW) – 20 years later, average rider cars had engines that powerful, and some performance models offering 3 times as much power.

The economic crisis of 2008 cut well-nigh a tertiary of calorie-free vehicle sales from Chrysler, Toyota, Ford, and Nissan. It also subtracted about a fourth of Honda's sales and about a seventh of sales from General Motors."Economic Crisis". Retrieved 2013-06-03.

Since 2009, People's republic of china has become the new world's absolute auto manufacturer leader with production more than than Us, Japan or all Europe. Also big growth of car product in Asian and other countries, the junctions (and breaks) of producents into transnational corporate groups and the transnational "platforms" of a cars became as wide exercise.

Since the stop of the 20th century, several honour competitions of cars and trucks have get widely known, such as European Car of the Year Car of the Year Nihon, North American Motorcar of the Year, World Car of the Year, Truck of the Twelvemonth, and International Car of the Year, and then that vehicles of different classes, producers, and countries win alternately. Likewise, Car of the Century awards were held, in which in the US the Ford Model T was named as most influential car of the 20th century.

Nissan Leafage re-charging in Amsterdam, holland

Exemplary modern cars:

1966–present Toyota Corolla – a unproblematic small Japanese saloon/sedan that has come to be the best-selling car of all time.
1970–nowadays Range Rover – the first have on the combination of luxury and four-bike bulldoze utility, the original 'SUV'. Such was the popularity of the original Range Rover Classic that a new model was not brought out until 1994.
1973–present Mercedes-Benz South-Class – electronic anti-lock braking system, supplemental restraint airbags, seat belt pretensioners, and electronic traction control systems all made their debut on the S-Form. These features would later go standard throughout the car industry.
1975–present BMW 3 Serial – the 3 Series has been on Car and Driver mag's annual Ten Best list 17 times, making it the longest running entry in the listing.
1977–present Honda Accord saloon/sedan — this Japanese sedan became the nearly popular car in the Usa in the 1990s, pushing the Ford Taurus aside, and setting the phase for today's upscale Asian sedans.
1981–1989 Contrivance Aries and Plymouth Reliant — the "Chiliad-cars" that saved Chrysler equally a major manufacturer. These models were some of the first successful American front-wheel drive, fuel-efficient compact cars.
1983–present Chrysler minivans – the 2-box minivan design nearly pushed the station wagon out of the market, and presaged today'south crossover SUVs.
1984–present Renault Espace — showtime mass one-volume machine of non-commercial MPV grade.
1986–present Ford Taurus — this mid-sized front-wheel drive sedan with mod computer-assisted design dominated the American market place in the tardily 1980s, and created a blueprint revolution in North America.
1989–1999 Pontiac Trans Sport was ane the first of the one-box cars.
1997–present Toyota Prius, launched in the Japanese market, in September 2010 reached worldwide cumulative sales of 2 one thousand thousand units, becoming the best known hybrid electric vehicle in the earth.
1998–nowadays Ford Focus — one of the well-nigh popular hatchbacks across the globe, also one of Ford's all-time selling world cars.
2008–present Tata Nano — an inexpensive (100,000, ? $2200), rear-engined, iv-passenger metropolis motorcar built past the Indian company Tata Motors and is aimed primarily at the Indian domestic market.
2008–present Tesla Roadster — the starting time highway-capable all-electric vehicle in serial product for sale in the United States in the modernistic era.
2010–nowadays, Nissan Foliage and Chevrolet Volt — an all-electric car and a plug-in hybrid correspondingly, were launched in the U.Due south. and Japanese markets in December 2010, condign the first mass production vehicles of their kind.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile

Brief Summary

The evolution of cars or automobiles started equally early as 1769, past invention of steam-powered cars capable for human send. In early 1800s – 1806 to be exact, the first cars powered by internal combustion engines running on fuel gas appeared, which in turn directed to the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modernistic gasoline – or petrol-fueled internal combustion engine.

Cars powered by electricity briefly appeared at the turn of the 20th century but largely disappeared from commonality until the turn of the 21st century, when interest in low- and zero-emissions transportation was reignited. Every bit such, the early on history of the automobile tin can exist divided into a number of eras based on the prevalent method of automotive propulsion during that time. Later periods were defined by trends in outside styling and size and utility preferences.

It can be said that the future of automobiles will focus on those with low and cypher emission, which is a render to the beginnings of transportation (e.g. horse powered chariots), merely this time with much (many) more than horse power.

Era			Year	Example of Brands and Models initiated
Classic / Antique	1890s	Veteran	1889	Panhard et Levassor (France)
			1891	Peugeot (France)
			1893	Duryea Motor Wagon Co. (USA)
			1898	Pioneer (Australia)
			1899	FIAT (Italy)
	1900s		1900	Vincke, Germain, Linon and Nagant (Kingdom of belgium); Fritz Henriod, Rudolf Egg, Saurer, Johann Weber, and Lorenz Popp (Swiss); Vagnfabrik AB, Hammel (Sweden)
			1902	Olds Motor Vehicle Company / Oldsmobile (The states)
			1903	Cadillac, Winton, and Ford (United states)
		Brass or Edwardian
			1908	Ford Model T

			1910	Mercer Raceabout,
	1910s		1910	Bugatti Blazon 13
		Vintage

	1920s		1922	Austin vii, Lancia Lambda
			1924	Bugatti Type 35
			1925	Hanomag 2 / 10 PS
			1927	Ford Model A
			1930	Cadillac V-16
	1930s	Pre – World State of war 2	1932	Alvis Speed 20 and Speed 25, Ford V-8
			1934	Bugatti Blazon 57, Citroën Traction Avant
			1936	MG T Series, Rolls-Royce Phantom Three
	1940s		1938	Volkswagen Beetle


	1950s	Post – World War II	1948	Morris Minor

			1959	MINI
	1960s		1961	Jaguar E-Type
			1964	Ford Mustang
			1969	Datsun 240Z
	1970s
		Modern	1966	Toyota Corolla
			1967	NSU Ro 80
			1973	Mercedes-Benz S-Class
			1975	BMW 3 Series
			1977	Honda Accordance
	1980s		1981	Dodge Aries and Plymouth Reliant
			1983	Chrysler minivans
			1986	Ford Taurus
	1990s


	2000s


	2010s –	Hereafter
		Hereafter

References:

Georgano, G.Due north. (1985). Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930. London: Grange-Universal.
http://world wide web.crucean.com/timeline.html#1903|title=American
http://www.mazda.com/mazdaspirit/rotary/hre/about/index.html
http://world wide web.channel4.com/4car/ft/ownership+guide/used+car+buying+guide/1208/ane
http://books.google.com/books?id=yLZeQwqNmdgC

Source: http://carsevolution.com/cars-evolution-the-evolution-of-cars-and-automotive

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